| Fluid
Earth |
E4.p1A |
Describe that
the water cycle includes evaporation, transpiration, condensation,
precipitation, infiltration, surface runoff, groundwater, and absorption.
(prerequisite) |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.p1B |
Analyze
the flow of water between the elements of a watershed, including surface
features (lakes, streams, rivers, wetlands) and groundwater. (prerequisite) |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.p1C |
Describe
the river and stream types, features, and process including cycles of
flooding, erosion, and deposition as they occur naturally and as they are
impacted by land use decisions. (prerequisite) |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.p1D |
Explain
the types, process, and beneficial functions of wetlands. |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.p2A |
Describe
the composition and layers of the atmosphere. (prerequisite) |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.p2B |
Describe
the difference between weather and climate. (prerequisite) |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.p2C |
Explain
the differences between fog and dew formation and cloud formation.
(prerequisite) |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.p2D |
Describe
relative humidity in terms of the moisture content of the air and the
moisture capacity of the air and how these depend on the temperature.
(prerequisite) |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.p2E |
Describe
conditions associated with frontal boundaries (cold, warm, stationary, and
occluded). (prerequisite) |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.p2F |
Describe
the characteristics and movement across North America of the major air masses
and the jet stream. (prerequisite) |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.p2G |
Interpret
a weather map and describe present weather conditions and predict changes in
weather over 24 hours. (prerequisite) |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.p2H |
Explain
the primary causes of seasons. (prerequisite) |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.p2I |
Identify
major global wind belts (trade winds, prevailing westerlies, and polar
easterlies) and that their vertical components control the global
distribution of rainforests and deserts. (prerequisite) |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.p3A |
Describe
how glaciers have affected the Michigan landscape and how the resulting
landforms impact our state economy. (prerequisite) |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.p3B |
Explain
what happens to the lithosphere when an ice sheet is removed. (prerequisite) |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.p3C |
Explain
the formation of the Great Lakes. (prerequisite) |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.1A |
Compare
and contrast surface water systems (lakes, rivers, streams, wetlands) and
groundwater in regard to their relative sizes as Earth’s freshwater
reservoirs and the dynamics of water movement (inputs and outputs, residence
times, sustainability). |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.1B |
Explain
the features and processes of groundwater systems and how the sustainability
of North American aquifers has changed in recent history (e.g., the past 100
years) qualitatively using the concepts of recharge, residence time, inputs,
and outputs. |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.1C |
Explain
how water quality in both groundwater and surface systems is impacted by land
use decisions. |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.2A |
Describe
the major causes for the ocean’s surface and deep water currents, including
the prevailing winds, the Coriolis effect, unequal heating of the earth,
changes in water temperature and salinity in high latitudes, and basin shape. |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.2B |
Explain
how interactions between the oceans and the atmosphere influence global and
regional climate. Include the major concepts of heat transfer by ocean
currents, thermohaline circulation, boundary currents, evaporation,
precipitation, climatic zones, and the ocean as a major CO2 reservoir. |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.2c |
Explain
the dynamics (including ocean-atmosphere interactions) of the El
Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its effect on continental climates. |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.2d |
Identify
factors affecting seawater density and salinity and describe how density
affects oceanic layering and currents. |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.2e |
Explain
the differences between maritime and continental climates with regard to
oceanic currents. |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.2f |
Explain
how the Coriolis effect controls oceanic circulation. |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.r2g |
Explain
how El Niño affects economies (e.g., in South America). (recommended) |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.3A |
Describe
the various conditions of formation associated with severe weather
(thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, waves, and drought). |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.3B |
Describe
the damage resulting from, and the social impact of thunderstorms, tornadoes,
hurricanes, and floods. |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.3C |
Describe
severe weather and flood safety and mitigation. |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.3D |
Describe
the seasonal variations in severe weather. |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.3E |
Describe
conditions associated with frontal boundaries that result in severe weather
(thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes). |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.3F |
Describe
how mountains, frontal wedging (including dry lines), convection, and
convergence form clouds and precipitation. |
| Fluid Earth |
E4.3g |
Explain
the process of adiabatic cooling and adiabatic temperature changes to the
formation of clouds. |
